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Illustration rendered from curated morphology (shape, size, pili, motility) — not a micrograph. Drag to rotate, scroll to zoom.

Electrogen · Iron reducer

Geobacter anodireducens SD-1

Also known as Geobacter sp. SD-1

Thermodesulfobacteriota · Desulfuromonadia · Geobacteraceae

ElectroactiveEET outwardType strainBSL-1Partial record

Geobacter
Electrogen
Halotolerant
Tier 2

Outward

Electron transfer

electroactive

30°C

Optimal temperature

grows 20–40 °C

Optimal pH

grows pH 6–8

01 · Identity

Identity

Where this organism sits in the tree of life, how to obtain it, and what a cell looks like.

Lineage

domainBacteria
›phylumThermodesulfobacteriota
›classDesulfuromonadia
›orderDesulfuromonadales
›familyGeobacteraceae
›genusGeobacter
›speciesGeobacter anodireducens SD-1

Culture collections & accessions

NCBI taxon: 1340225
Status: Type strain

Isolation

From MFC anode biofilm enriched from sediment, Hunan, China (2014).

Cell morphology

Rod

Rod, Gram-negative (diderm)

Motile: no

02 · Electron transfer

Electron transfer

How electrons cross the cell envelope — the property that makes a microbe useful in an electrochemical system.

ElectroactiveEET outward

Electrons flow outward: cell → electrode (exoelectrogen)

Mechanisms

Outer-membrane cytochromes: yes
Conductive pili / nanowires: yes

Direct transfer — detail

Completeness: Partial

03 · Growth envelope

Growth envelope

The conditions this organism tolerates and what it eats and breathes — the operating window for a reactor.

Obligate anaerobeChemoorganoheterotroph

Temperature30 (20–40) °C

0100 °C

pH7 (6–8)

014

Salinity5 (0–30) g/L

050 g/L

Notably halotolerant relative to G. sulfurreducens — performance maintained at NaCl up to ~30 g/L.

Energy metabolism

Electron donors

Acetate
Lactate

Electron acceptors

Fe(III)
Anode
Fumarate

Carbon sources

Acetate
Lactate
Ethanol

Respiratory: yes

04 · Growth & electron-transfer kinetics

Growth & electron-transfer kinetics

How fast this organism grows and how hard it pushes electrons into an anode, as the corpus reports it, and what those constants imply when you run them.

Kinetic evidence

Parameter	Median	10–90 %	n	Source
Max. specific growth rate μmax	0.08 h⁻¹	0.04–0.15	1	genus prior · 1 ref
Half-saturation constant Ks	80 mg/L	20–200	1	genus prior · 1 ref
Biomass yield Y	0.07 g/g	0.04–0.1	1	genus prior · 1 ref
Decay coefficient kd	Not in the corpus yet
Exchange current density i₀	Not in the corpus yet
Transfer coefficient α	Not in the corpus yet
Tafel slope	Not in the corpus yet

Median of the extracted values, the 10–90 % spread behind it and how many values it pools.

36 rows were not pooled: their unit could not be converted unambiguously.

Evidence rows (36)

Listed, not pooled (36)

K_M0.35 mMNot verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.93
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“KM = 0.28-0.42 mM (2nd cycle) || range: [0.28, 0.42] || canonical_organism: geobacter_sulfurreducens_pca || canonical_substrate: acetate”
Not used in an estimate · Michaelis-Menten Km, not Monod Ks
K_M0.35 mMNot verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.93
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“KM = 0.28-0.42 mM (2nd cycle) || range: [0.28, 0.42] || canonical_organism: geobacter_sulfurreducens_pca || canonical_substrate: acetate”
Not used in an estimate · Michaelis-Menten Km, not Monod Ks
vmax0.0034 mmol/h/cm²Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.92
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“vmax = 0.0031-0.0037 mmol h⁻¹ cm⁻² (2nd cycle) || range: [0.0031, 0.0037] || canonical_organism: geobacter_sulfurreducens_pca || canonical_substrate: acetate”
Not used in an estimate · unrecognised kinetic parameter "vmax"
vmax0.0034 mmol/h/cm²Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.92
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“vmax = 0.0031-0.0037 mmol h⁻¹ cm⁻² (2nd cycle) || range: [0.0031, 0.0037] || canonical_organism: geobacter_sulfurreducens_pca || canonical_substrate: acetate”
Not used in an estimate · unrecognised kinetic parameter "vmax"
vmax0.0042 mmol Ac⁻ h⁻¹ cm⁻²Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“vmax,Ac and KM,Ac, decreased from 0.0042–0.0051 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2 to 0.0031–0.0037 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2”
Not used in an estimate · unrecognised kinetic parameter "vmax"
vmax0.0051 mmol Ac⁻ h⁻¹ cm⁻²Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“vmax,Ac and KM,Ac, decreased from 0.0042–0.0051 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2 to 0.0031–0.0037 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2”
Not used in an estimate · unrecognised kinetic parameter "vmax"
vmax0.0031 mmol Ac⁻ h⁻¹ cm⁻²Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“vmax,Ac and KM,Ac, decreased from 0.0042–0.0051 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2 to 0.0031–0.0037 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2”
Not used in an estimate · unrecognised kinetic parameter "vmax"
vmax0.0037 mmol Ac⁻ h⁻¹ cm⁻²Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“vmax,Ac and KM,Ac, decreased from 0.0042–0.0051 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2 to 0.0031–0.0037 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2”
Not used in an estimate · unrecognised kinetic parameter "vmax"
K_M1.02 mM Ac⁻Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“KM,Ac, decreased from 1.02–2.61 mM Ac− to 0.28–0.42 mM Ac−”
Not used in an estimate · Michaelis-Menten Km, not Monod Ks
K_M2.61 mM Ac⁻Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“KM,Ac, decreased from 1.02–2.61 mM Ac− to 0.28–0.42 mM Ac−”
Not used in an estimate · Michaelis-Menten Km, not Monod Ks
K_M0.28 mM Ac⁻Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“KM,Ac, decreased from 1.02–2.61 mM Ac− to 0.28–0.42 mM Ac−”
Not used in an estimate · Michaelis-Menten Km, not Monod Ks
K_M0.42 mM Ac⁻Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“KM,Ac, decreased from 1.02–2.61 mM Ac− to 0.28–0.42 mM Ac−”
Not used in an estimate · Michaelis-Menten Km, not Monod Ks
vmax0.0042 mmol Ac⁻ h⁻¹ cm⁻²Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“vmax,Ac and KM,Ac, decreased from 0.0042–0.0051 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2 to 0.0031–0.0037 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2”
Not used in an estimate · unrecognised kinetic parameter "vmax"
vmax0.0051 mmol Ac⁻ h⁻¹ cm⁻²Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“vmax,Ac and KM,Ac, decreased from 0.0042–0.0051 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2 to 0.0031–0.0037 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2”
Not used in an estimate · unrecognised kinetic parameter "vmax"
vmax0.0031 mmol Ac⁻ h⁻¹ cm⁻²Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“vmax,Ac and KM,Ac, decreased from 0.0042–0.0051 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2 to 0.0031–0.0037 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2”
Not used in an estimate · unrecognised kinetic parameter "vmax"
vmax0.0037 mmol Ac⁻ h⁻¹ cm⁻²Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“vmax,Ac and KM,Ac, decreased from 0.0042–0.0051 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2 to 0.0031–0.0037 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2”
Not used in an estimate · unrecognised kinetic parameter "vmax"
K_M1.02 mM Ac⁻Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“KM,Ac, decreased from 1.02–2.61 mM Ac− to 0.28–0.42 mM Ac−”
Not used in an estimate · Michaelis-Menten Km, not Monod Ks
K_M2.61 mM Ac⁻Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“KM,Ac, decreased from 1.02–2.61 mM Ac− to 0.28–0.42 mM Ac−”
Not used in an estimate · Michaelis-Menten Km, not Monod Ks
K_M0.28 mM Ac⁻Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“KM,Ac, decreased from 1.02–2.61 mM Ac− to 0.28–0.42 mM Ac−”
Not used in an estimate · Michaelis-Menten Km, not Monod Ks
K_M0.42 mM Ac⁻Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“KM,Ac, decreased from 1.02–2.61 mM Ac− to 0.28–0.42 mM Ac−”
Not used in an estimate · Michaelis-Menten Km, not Monod Ks
vmax0.0042 mmol Ac⁻ h⁻¹ cm⁻²Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“vmax,Ac and KM,Ac, decreased from 0.0042–0.0051 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2 to 0.0031–0.0037 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2”
Not used in an estimate · unrecognised kinetic parameter "vmax"
vmax0.0051 mmol Ac⁻ h⁻¹ cm⁻²Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“vmax,Ac and KM,Ac, decreased from 0.0042–0.0051 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2 to 0.0031–0.0037 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2”
Not used in an estimate · unrecognised kinetic parameter "vmax"
vmax0.0031 mmol Ac⁻ h⁻¹ cm⁻²Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“vmax,Ac and KM,Ac, decreased from 0.0042–0.0051 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2 to 0.0031–0.0037 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2”
Not used in an estimate · unrecognised kinetic parameter "vmax"
vmax0.0037 mmol Ac⁻ h⁻¹ cm⁻²Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“vmax,Ac and KM,Ac, decreased from 0.0042–0.0051 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2 to 0.0031–0.0037 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2”
Not used in an estimate · unrecognised kinetic parameter "vmax"
K_M1.02 mM Ac⁻Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“KM,Ac, decreased from 1.02–2.61 mM Ac− to 0.28–0.42 mM Ac−”
Not used in an estimate · Michaelis-Menten Km, not Monod Ks
K_M2.61 mM Ac⁻Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“KM,Ac, decreased from 1.02–2.61 mM Ac− to 0.28–0.42 mM Ac−”
Not used in an estimate · Michaelis-Menten Km, not Monod Ks
K_M0.28 mM Ac⁻Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“KM,Ac, decreased from 1.02–2.61 mM Ac− to 0.28–0.42 mM Ac−”
Not used in an estimate · Michaelis-Menten Km, not Monod Ks
K_M0.42 mM Ac⁻Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“KM,Ac, decreased from 1.02–2.61 mM Ac− to 0.28–0.42 mM Ac−”
Not used in an estimate · Michaelis-Menten Km, not Monod Ks
vmax0.0042 mmol Ac⁻ h⁻¹ cm⁻²Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“vmax,Ac and KM,Ac, decreased from 0.0042–0.0051 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2 to 0.0031–0.0037 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2”
Not used in an estimate · unrecognised kinetic parameter "vmax"
vmax0.0051 mmol Ac⁻ h⁻¹ cm⁻²Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“vmax,Ac and KM,Ac, decreased from 0.0042–0.0051 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2 to 0.0031–0.0037 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2”
Not used in an estimate · unrecognised kinetic parameter "vmax"
vmax0.0031 mmol Ac⁻ h⁻¹ cm⁻²Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“vmax,Ac and KM,Ac, decreased from 0.0042–0.0051 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2 to 0.0031–0.0037 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2”
Not used in an estimate · unrecognised kinetic parameter "vmax"
vmax0.0037 mmol Ac⁻ h⁻¹ cm⁻²Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“vmax,Ac and KM,Ac, decreased from 0.0042–0.0051 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2 to 0.0031–0.0037 mmol Ac−h−1 cm−2”
Not used in an estimate · unrecognised kinetic parameter "vmax"
K_M1.02 mM Ac⁻Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“KM,Ac, decreased from 1.02–2.61 mM Ac− to 0.28–0.42 mM Ac−”
Not used in an estimate · Michaelis-Menten Km, not Monod Ks
K_M2.61 mM Ac⁻Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“KM,Ac, decreased from 1.02–2.61 mM Ac− to 0.28–0.42 mM Ac−”
Not used in an estimate · Michaelis-Menten Km, not Monod Ks
K_M0.28 mM Ac⁻Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“KM,Ac, decreased from 1.02–2.61 mM Ac− to 0.28–0.42 mM Ac−”
Not used in an estimate · Michaelis-Menten Km, not Monod Ks
K_M0.42 mM Ac⁻Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 0.9
Determining incremental coulombic efficiency and physiological parameters of early stage Geobacter spp. enrichment biofilms · 2020 · 10.1371/journal.pone.0234077
“KM,Ac, decreased from 1.02–2.61 mM Ac− to 0.28–0.42 mM Ac−”
Not used in an estimate · Michaelis-Menten Km, not Monod Ks

Genus-level prior: Geobacter anodireducens

A genus-level prior is a summary for the whole genus, not a measurement on this strain.

10.1099/ijs.0.061598-0

Constants that drive the simulation

Scenario — values you set, not evidence

Initial substrate1000 mg/L

Anode potential vs SHE0 V

Duration72 h

Initial attached biomass0.1 g/m²

Anode area per liquid volume100 m²/m³

Reactor mode

Growth simulation

Scenario: Initial substrate 1000 mg/L · Initial attached biomass 0.1 g/m² · Anode area per liquid volume 100 m²/m³ · Duration 72 h · Batch. Values you set, not evidence.

0.8g/m²

Peak biomass

28.65h

Time to 90 % substrate removal

Attached biomassg/m²

Bulk substratemg/L

No current model

The current needs Max. current density jmax, Half-saturation potential E_KA, which this source does not have.

Substrate-saturated growth
Slowing
Stationary

Monod growth has no lag phase; the bands mark where the net growth rate is near its maximum, falling, near zero or negative.

Simulator notes

decayPerH absent: no endogenous decay term, so growth is an upper bound
biofilmDensityKgPerM3 absent: thickness not computed (thicknessUm = null)
no anodePotentialVvsShe / overpotentialV given: current not computed (currentDensityAPerM2 = null)

These curves are a Monod and Nernst-Monod idealisation (after Marcus et al. 2007 and Torres et al. 2008), parameterised only by the constants listed above: each one carries its n and its 10–90 % range, and a constant with n = 1 has no spread at all. No diffusion inside the biofilm, no detachment, no coulombic-efficiency split. The scenario values are yours, not evidence.

05 · Performance

Performance

Reported electrochemical output, the role it plays in a reactor, and what it produces.

Role in a reactor

Anode chamberAnode: primary current producer

06 · Ecology & biofilm

Ecology & biofilm

How it lives on an electrode, who it partners with, and where it is found in nature.

Ecosystems

Engineered MES
Freshwater

Isolation sources

MFC anode biofilm enrichment

07 · Applications, engineering & safety

Applications, engineering & safety

Where it has been put to work, how tractable it is to engineer, and what handling it requires.

Applications (2)

Bioelectricity generation
TRL 3/9
Wastewater treatment
TRL 3/9

Biosafety

BSL-1

Pathogen: no

08 · Sources & data quality

Sources & data quality

Every value above traces to a citation. This is how complete and how confident the record is.

Record quality

PartialMedium confidenceCurated: manual

Literature reviewed 2026-05-13 · schema v1.3.0 · updated 2026-05-13 · imported 2026-05-13

Open data gaps (2)

Cytochrome inventory mapping vs G. sulfurreducens
Quantitative kinetic parameters in pure culture

References (1)

Sun D, et al. (2014). Geobacter anodireducens sp. nov., an exoelectrogenic microbe in bioelectrochemical systems. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 64:3485-3491.doi:10.1099/ijs.0.061598-0