Electrotroph · Acetogen · Homoacetogen
Clostridium ljungdahlii
Bacillota · Clostridia · Clostridiaceae
- Acetogen
- Syngas
- Industrial
- Wood ljungdahl
- Tier 1
01 · Identity
Identity
Where this organism sits in the tree of life, how to obtain it, and what a cell looks like.
Lineage
- domainBacteria
- ›phylumBacillota
- ›classClostridia
- ›orderEubacteriales
- ›familyClostridiaceae
- ›genusClostridium
- ›speciesClostridium ljungdahlii
Culture collections & accessions
- DSMZ
- DSM 13528
- ATCC
- ATCC 49587
- NCBI taxon
- 1538
Cell morphology
Rod, Gram-positive (monoderm)
- Motile: yes
- Spore-forming: yes
02 · Electron transfer
Electron transfer
How electrons cross the cell envelope — the property that makes a microbe useful in an electrochemical system.
No extracellular electron-transfer route is curated for this organism yet.
Mechanisms
- Outer-membrane cytochromes: no
- Conductive pili / nanowires: no
Other
- Cathode electron uptake mechanism
- Indirect via H₂
03 · Growth envelope
Growth envelope
The conditions this organism tolerates and what it eats and breathes — the operating window for a reactor.
Energy metabolism
Electron donors
- H2
- CO
- Cathode
Electron acceptors
- CO2
Carbon sources
- CO2
- CO
- H2
- Fructose
- Ethanol
- Pyruvate
- Fermentative: yes
Metabolism — detail
- ATP synthase type
- Proton dependent
- Carbon fixation pathway
- Wood ljungdahl
04 · Growth & electron-transfer kinetics
Growth & electron-transfer kinetics
How fast this organism grows and how hard it pushes electrons into an anode, as the corpus reports it, and what those constants imply when you run them.
Kinetic evidence
| Parameter | Median | 10–90 % | n | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Max. specific growth rate μmax | 0.07 h⁻¹ | 0.02–0.15 | 3 | genus prior · 1 ref |
| Half-saturation constant Ks | 40 mg/L | 10–150 | 1 | genus prior · 1 ref |
| Biomass yield Y | 0.05 g/g | 0.02–0.1 | 2 | genus prior · 1 ref |
| Decay coefficient kd | Not in the corpus yet | |||
| Exchange current density i₀ | Not in the corpus yet | |||
| Transfer coefficient α | Not in the corpus yet | |||
| Tafel slope | Not in the corpus yet | |||
Median of the extracted values, the 10–90 % spread behind it and how many values it pools.
1 rows were not pooled: their unit could not be converted unambiguously.
Evidence rows (1)
Listed, not pooled (1)
- Vmax0.29 g L⁻¹ d⁻¹Not verifiedgenus rowconfidence 1
Carbon dioxide to bio-oil in a bioelectrochemical system-assisted microalgae biorefinery process · 2022 · 10.1039/d1se01701b
“The system reached a concentration of up to 13 g L⁻¹ of acetate (at a maximum production rate of 0.29 g L⁻¹ d⁻¹).”
Not used in an estimate · unrecognised kinetic parameter "Vmax"
Genus-level prior: Clostridium ljungdahlii
A genus-level prior is a summary for the whole genus, not a measurement on this strain.
Constants that drive the simulation
Scenario — values you set, not evidence
Growth simulation
Scenario: Initial substrate 1000 mg/L · Initial attached biomass 0.1 g/m² · Anode area per liquid volume 100 m²/m³ · Duration 72 h · Batch. Values you set, not evidence.
No current model
The current needs Max. current density jmax, Half-saturation potential E_KA, which this source does not have.
- Substrate-saturated growth
- Slowing
- Stationary
Monod growth has no lag phase; the bands mark where the net growth rate is near its maximum, falling, near zero or negative.
Simulator notes
- decayPerH absent: no endogenous decay term, so growth is an upper bound
- biofilmDensityKgPerM3 absent: thickness not computed (thicknessUm = null)
- no anodePotentialVvsShe / overpotentialV given: current not computed (currentDensityAPerM2 = null)
These curves are a Monod and Nernst-Monod idealisation (after Marcus et al. 2007 and Torres et al. 2008), parameterised only by the constants listed above: each one carries its n and its 10–90 % range, and a constant with n = 1 has no spread at all. No diffusion inside the biofilm, no detachment, no coulombic-efficiency split. The scenario values are yours, not evidence.
05 · Performance
Performance
Reported electrochemical output, the role it plays in a reactor, and what it produces.
Role in a reactor
Products (2)
| Product | Max titerg/L | Max rate | Coulombic efficiency |
|---|---|---|---|
| acetate | 1.4 | — | 60 % 0100 % |
| ethanol | — | — | — |
Substrate → product (2)
- CO + H2 (syngas)yields
- Acetate
- Ethanol
- 2,3-butanediol
anaerobic gas fermentation · Industrial syngas-to-ethanol organism (LanzaTech-relevant).
- CO2 + cathodeyields
- Acetate
biocathode MES
06 · Ecology & biofilm
Ecology & biofilm
How it lives on an electrode, who it partners with, and where it is found in nature.
Ecosystems
- Soil
- Engineered MES
- Anaerobic digester
Isolation sources
- chicken yard waste
07 · Applications, engineering & safety
Applications, engineering & safety
Where it has been put to work, how tractable it is to engineer, and what handling it requires.
Applications (3)
- Biofuels · CommercialTRL 7/9
LanzaTech commercial syngas fermentation, not yet at MES scale
- Microbial electrosynthesis acetateTRL 4/9
- Carbon captureTRL 4/9
Engineering
Reactor compatibility
- MES cathode
- MES three chamber
- Patents associated: yes
Genetics
- Genetically tractable: yes
Transformation methods
- Electroporation
- Conjugation
- Available genetic tools
- pMTL series plasmids
- CRISPR-Cas9
- ClosTron
Biosafety
- Pathogen: no
Modeling assets
- Genome-scale metabolic model: yes
- iHN637 (Nagarajan et al. 2013)
Linked GEM: iHN637
08 · Sources & data quality
Sources & data quality
Every value above traces to a citation. This is how complete and how confident the record is.
Record quality
Literature reviewed 2026-04-26 · schema v1.2.0 · updated 2026-04-28 · imported 2026-04-28
References (2)
- Tanner RS, et al. (1993). Clostridium ljungdahlii sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 43:232-236.
- Nevin KP, et al. (2011). Electrosynthesis of organic compounds from CO2. Appl Environ Microbiol 77:2882-2886.doi:10.1128/AEM.02642-10