Model Catalog

Key differentiator

Eliminates the membrane bottleneck by using laminar co-flow as a virtual separator — cuts internal resistance by an order of magnitude while removing the most failure-prone component in classical MFCs.

Key differentiator

Closes the wastewater-to-fuel loop: organic carbon goes in, clean H₂ comes out at the cathode. Applied bias of ≈ 0.4 V is one-tenth the energy required for water electrolysis because anode microbes do most of the thermodynamic work.

Key differentiator

Magnetic electrode mounts let researchers swap anode or cathode materials in under a minute without disturbing the biofilm on the opposing electrode — enabling combinatorial material screening at µL scale.

Key differentiator

Treats real municipal and industrial wastewater while net-generating electrical power — turns a cost center (aeration) into a revenue stream (electrons + cleaner effluent).

Key differentiator

A truly autonomous power source for deep-ocean sensors — no batteries to replace, no solar cells to clean, just sediment chemistry and time. Drop it and forget it for years.

Key differentiator

Couples photosynthetic O₂ generation directly to the cathode, replacing mechanical aeration with light — and turning atmospheric CO₂ into both oxidant supply and biomass.

Key differentiator

A single device recovers freshwater, harvests valuable ions (Li⁺, NH₄⁺, PO₄³⁻), and generates power — converting "waste" brines into three product streams.

Key differentiator

Runs the MFC backwards: electrons in, CO₂ in, valuable chemicals out — a renewable-electricity-driven biological route to fuels and platform chemicals.

Key differentiator

Decouples microbial growth from electrode reactions — bugs live in a comfortable reservoir; only the soluble redox mediator visits the electrode. Combines the energy density of bioelectrochemistry with the dispatchability of a flow battery.

Key differentiator

Designed from first principles for microgravity, partial gravity, and high-radiation environments — a closed-loop bioelectrochemical reactor for long-duration spaceflight and lunar / Mars surface ops.

Key differentiator

A self-powered soil sensor that reads the rhizosphere from the inside — current output IS the measurement, no external battery, no separate transducer.

Key differentiator

A building skin that breathes — generates electricity, fixes CO₂, modulates heat gain, and grows visibly green over the seasons. Architecture as living infrastructure.

Key differentiator

Mechanically flexible bio-fuel cell with strain-coupled exchange-current density — bends with the body, reads the body's chemistry, and powers itself from the body's effort.

Key differentiator

A self-powered, self-organizing mesh of benthic MFCs that learns collectively — federated intelligence on a sediment substrate, no external power, no centralized server.

Key differentiator

ADM1 — IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 — is the canonical kinetic model for AD across the wastewater + biogas industries. Its 24 state variables capture every step from particulate hydrolysis through acetoclastic methanogenesis; the QSDsan AnaerobicCSTR unit operation is built around it.

Key differentiator

AD alone leaves 25–50 % of the influent COD behind in the digestate. An MFC polish step recovers a portion of that residual COD as electricity at electrode-surface efficiencies that exceed dark-fermentation H2 routes. Bridges the parameter-sweep page’s Butler-Volmer + Monod outputs (sweep export → MESSanUnit) directly into a full-flowsheet TEA.

Key differentiator

CAS is the technology MFC/MEC/AD systems must beat on capex/opex per kg COD removed. Without it as a baseline, claims about "wastewater MFC" economics are unfalsifiable. ASM2d adds phosphorus accumulation organisms (PAOs) for enhanced biological P removal — critical for nutrient-discharge-limited installations.

Key differentiator

AD recovers most of the COD as biogas; MEC polish recovers a portion of the residual as H₂ at applied biases of 0.6–1.0 V — well below the 1.23 V thermodynamic minimum for water electrolysis. Bridges the MFC kinetics from the parameter-sweep page directly into a TEA accounting for electricity input, H₂ output, and residual COD reduction.

Key differentiator

Eliminates dosed-coagulant inventory (Al₂(SO₄)₃, FeCl₃) by generating the active species electrochemically — capex shifts from chemical handling to a small DC power supply. Faraday-law-bounded so dosing is precise and proportional to current. Avoids the sulfate / chloride counter-ion accumulation that wet coagulation introduces.

Key differentiator

Struvite (NH₄MgPO₄·6H₂O) is the only granular fertilizer recovered directly from wastewater at industrial scale (Ostara Pearl, NuReSys, Multiform). Capex pays back via avoided P-recovery surcharges + struvite sale. Mg dosing is the main reagent cost; product carries premium pricing as slow-release organic fertilizer.

Key differentiator

Recovers N as a saleable chemical product (ammonium sulfate fertilizer or anhydrous NH₃) rather than discharging it. Complements struvite crystallisation (which is Mg-limited and recovers only 10–30 % of N). Avoids the energy cost of nitrification + denitrification entirely when applied to concentrated side-streams.

Key differentiator

Targets the concentration window nothing else can serve. Flares need roughly 20 % methane and lean-burn engines around 25 %; regenerative thermal oxidation works down to about 0.2 % but at a large energy cost. Biological oxidation runs at ambient temperature on blower power alone, and its greenhouse-gas benefit exceeds its own emissions by orders of magnitude at these loadings.